UDC

94(47).042

Authors

Boris I. Chibisov
Tver State University; ul. 2-ya Griboedova 24, Tver, 170021, Russian Federation;
e-mail: Chibisov.BI@tversu.ru

Abstract

An important source on the history of the Lapp population of the Novgorod Land are the charters of Grand Prince Vasily III Ivanovich, dated July 7025 (1517). These charters regulate tribute collection in the Lapp Land, which was located on the Kola Peninsula and on a small part of the Scandinavian Peninsula. Among the population of the Lapp Land, mostly Lapps were mentioned. By the early 16th century, the Lapp Land was divided into pogosts and, according to cadastres, its population was paying taxes. The charters restrained the activities of tribute collectors: they were prohibited from selling their goods in the Lapp Land, fishing and hunting in the Lapp grounds, or using horses and vehicles belonging to the Lapps. The restriction on the use of the Lapp grounds had, apparently, to do with the increasing number of land domains owned by the Slavs and Karelians on the White Sea coast and on the Kola Peninsula, as evidenced by the 15th-century acts of the Onega Lake region. A combination of linguistic, archaeological and ethnographic sources allows us to conclude that the term “Lapp” designated a specific ethnic group, the Sami. They were divided into “forest Lapps” and “wild Lapps”: the former inhabited the territories along the rivers of the White Sea basin, while the latter lived on the Kola Peninsula. Meanwhile, the term “Lapp” was used in reference not only to the ethnic group but also to the territories around the White Sea basin populated by the Sami.

Keywords

Novgorod Land, Lapp Land, Baltic Finns, interethnic relations, Sami, Lapps, Laplanders, cadastres

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