UDC

811.161.1:[81’271.2+81’271.16]

DOI

10.37482/2687-1505-V074

Authors

Viktoryia A. Mar’yanchik
Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov;
nab. Severnoy Dviny 17, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russian Federation;
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1859-3767 e-mail: v.marjyanchik@narfu.ru

 Anastasiya s. Onegina
Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov;
nab. Severnoy Dviny 17, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russian Federation;
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-6726 e-mail: a.utkina@narfu.ru

Abstract

This article deals with an important issue in the field of language policy, i.e. determining the status of a “non-ideal” language user as a native speaker. The material includes: a) records of the speech of people participating in an official interview to confirm their status as a native speaker; b) regulatory framework that defines the content of the “native speaker” term. The authors focus on vernacular and dialect speakers for whom Russian is the only or main system of verbal communication. The article proves the linguodidactic criteria listed in the normative documents to be invalid. The authors identify speech facts that formally prevent a person from qualifying as a native speaker but, within the sociolinguistic approach, do not exclude him/her as a linguistic personality from the circle of Russian native speakers. Further, a standard methodological prototype of speech personality “native speaker” appropriate for linguodidactic testing is modelled. The authors describe the experience of evaluating language (speech) competence using criteria scales within the framework of the level approach. Based on the material of one script, features of the speech of the “non-ideal” language user are singled out and a model of competence assessment by correlation with the “native speaker” prototype is presented. This technology includes two stages: 1) identification of speech facts that lie outside the scope of the literary norm; 2) identification of the basic characteristics of a native speaker within the framework of the sociolinguistic and functional approaches. The authors consider knowledge of precedent texts (on the social and national levels), proficiency in the language system, including its sub-standard forms (vernacular and dialect) and knowledge of the usage to be the main characteristics of a native speaker. In addition, the authors list accentuating discursive means that are typical of the speech of native speakers: rhetorical questions, metatextual reflexive questions, synonymic correction of naming units, etiquette correction of appellatives, language-game, etc. The results can be used to develop uniform criteria for evaluating language (speech) competencies during interviews with foreign citizens and stateless persons.
For citation: Mar’yanchik V.A., Onegina A.S. Native Speaker vs Vernacular Speaker: Assessing Foreigners’ Language Competence. Vestnik Severnogo (Arkticheskogo) federal’nogo universiteta. Ser.: Gumanitarnye i sotsial’nye nauki, 2021, no. 1, pp. 50–60. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1505-V074

Keywords

native speaker, linguistic consciousness, dialect linguistic personality, vernacular linguistic personality, anthropotext, linguodidactic criteria

References

1. Mar’yanchik V.A. K probleme opredeleniya urovnya vladeniya russkim yazykom kak inostrannym [On the Problem of Determining the Level of Proficiency in Russian as a Foreign Language]. Russkiy yazyk i kul’tura v sovremennom obrazovatel’nom prostranstve [Russian Language and Culture in Contemporary Educational Space]. Moscow, 2014, pp. 215–217.
2. Mar’yanchik V.A. Sobesedovanie kak forma opredeleniya urovnya vladeniya russkim yazykom kak inostrannym [Interview as a Form of Determining the Level of Proficiency in Russian as a Foreign Language]. Linder B., Polikarpov A.M., Shchipitsina L.Yu. (eds.). Transfer znaniy v nauke, obrazovanii i biznese: puti vzaimodeystviya Rossii i Germanii [Knowledge Transfer in Science, Education and Business: Ways of Interaction Between Russia and Germany]. Arkhangelsk, 2015, pp. 145–149.
3. Sazonova A.V. Yazykovye sistemy testirovaniya v Evrope i v Rossii: prichiny sozdaniya, tseli i zadachi [Language Testing Systems in Europe and in Russia: Reasons for Creating, Purposes and Objectives]. Vestnik Samarskogo universiteta. Istoriya, pedagogika, filologiya, 2018, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 127–134. DOI: 10.18287/2542-0445-2018-24-3-127-134
4. Vorob’eva L.B. Sistema gosudarstvennogo testirovaniya po natsional’nomu yazyku v Rossii i Litve [The System of State Testing in the National Language in Russia and Lithuania]. Vorob’eva L.B., Gritskevich Yu.N., Luk’yanova S.V., Popkova L.M. (eds.). Mir bez granits: russkiy yazyk kak inostrannyy v mezhdunarodnom obrazovatel’nom prostranstve [World Without Borders: Russian as a Foreign Language in the Global Educational Space]. Pskov, 2019, pp. 127–135.
5. Antonidina K.O. Testirovanie inostrannykh grazhdan po russkomu yazyku v Amurskom gosudarstvennom universitete v 2016–2018 gg.: itogi i perspektivy [Testing Foreign Citizens in the Russian Language at Amur State University in 2016–2018. Results and Prospects]. Vestnik Amurskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser.: Gumanitarnye nauki, 2019, no. 84, pp. 102–108.
6. Laskareva E.R. Prichastiya i deeprichastiya: testirovanie, vtoroy sertifikatsionnyy uroven’ [Participles: Testing, Second Certification Level]. Novoe i traditsionnoe v praktike obucheniya russkomu yazyku kak rodnomu i inostrannomu v rossiyskikh universitetakh nefilologicheskogo profilya [The Novel and the Traditional in the Practice of Teaching Russian as a Native and Foreign Language at Non Philological Russian Universities]. St. Petersburg, 2018, pp. 168–173.
7. Andryushina N.P. Aktual’nye napravleniya razvitiya rossiyskoy gosudarstvennoy sistemy testirovaniya po russkomu yazyku kak inostrannomu [Current Areas of Development of the Russian National Testing System in Russian as a Foreign Language]. Dovuzovskiy etap obucheniya v Rossii i mire: yazyk, adaptatsiya, sotsium, spetsial’nost’ [PreUniversity Stage of Education in Russia and the World: Language, Adaptation, Society, Specialty]. Moscow, 2017. Pt. 1, pp. 20–24.
8. Lovtsevich G.N., Gich O.N. “Nositel’ yazyka” i “Native Speaker”: illyuzornoe sootvetstvie [English and Russian Terms “Native Speaker”: Illusory Equivalents]. Vestnik Rossiyskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Ser.: Lingvistika, 2018, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 436–447. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/nositel-yazyka-i-native-speakerillyuzornoe-sootvetstvie (accessed: 2 February 2020). DOI: 10.22363/2312-9182-2018-22-2-436-447
9. Azimov E.G., Shchukin A.N. Novyy slovar’ metodicheskikh terminov i ponyatiy (teoriya i praktika obucheniya yazykam) [New Dictionary of Teaching Terms and Concepts (Theory and Practice of Language Teaching)]. Moscow, 2009. 448 p.
10. Kravchenko A.V. Nositeli yazyka, rodnoy yazyk i drugie interesnye veshchi [Native Speakers, Mother Tongue and Other Interesting Things]. Aktual’nye problemy filologii i pedagogicheskoy lingvistiki, 2009, no. 11, pp. 29–36. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/nositeli-yazyka-rodnoy-yazyk-i-drugie-interesnye-veschi (accessed: 4 February 2020).
11. Sinel’nikova L.N. O nauchnoy legitimnosti ponyatiya “diskursivnaya lichnost’” [Scientific Legitimacy of the Notion “Discursive Personality”]. Uchenye zapiski Tavricheskogo natsional’nogo universiteta im. V.I. Vernadskogo. Ser.: Filologiya. Sotsial’nye kommunikatsii, 2011, vol. 24, no. 2 (pt. 1), pp. 454–463.
12. Solomina E.V. Yazykovaya lichnost’ nositelya gorodskogo prostorechiya [Linguistic Personality of the Speaker of Urban Vernacular: Diss.]. Tomsk, 2016. 236 p.
13. Pleshkova T.N. Osobennosti yazykovoy situatsii Arkhangel’skogo Severa i formiruyushchie ikh faktory [Peculiarities of the Linguistic Situation in the Arkhangelsk North and Their Forming Factors]. Arkhangelsk, 2003. 223 p.
14. Filin F.P., Sorokoletov F.P. (eds.). Slovar’ russkikh narodnykh govorov [Dictionary of Russian Dialects]. Iss. 24. Leningrad, 1989. 368 р.