UDC

811.512.15

DOI

10.17238/issn2227-6564.2019.3.63

Authors

Gavril G. Filippov
M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University; ul. Kulakovskogo 42, Yakutsk, 677013, Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Russian Federation;
e-mail: filippovgg@mail.ru

Abstract

This article studies the history of the development of the Turkic languages, including the clarification of the relationship of the Turkic languages with each other. It dwells on the historical development and origin of the Yakut participle with the meaning of habitual action (-ааччы) and the participle with the semantics of unfinished action relevant to the moment of speaking (-а илик). Scholars relate the Yakut participle -а илик with the participle -галак in the Siberian Turkic languages (Altai, Khakas, Tuvan, Shor and Kyrgyz), which synthesized in them. The mentioned circumstance indicates old language contacts with the Kyrgyz language, where this form remains analytic up to the present. It is known that such contacts allow one to trace the relationship between the Yakut language and Old Mongolian, Old Oghuz, Kipchak, Karluk-Uyghur and Siberian Kyrgyz languages. Having studied the two Yakut participles – the synthetic -ааччы and the synthetic-analytic -а илик – we assume that the Yakut language split from the Siberian linguistic community in the post-Uyghur period, in the time of influence of the Kyrgyz-Khakas people (кыргыс кэмэ ‘the time of the Kyrgyz people’), during the Kyrgyz “feud”. Moreover, we believe that the studied forms could have emerged under the influence of Old Mongolian and been borrowed by the Yakut and Kyrgyz languages from Mongolian in their analytic form that has been preserved up to the present day. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the form ending in -галах in the Siberian Turkic languages could have evolved under the influence of the Karluk-Uyghur language through the fusion of the participle form ending in -гу илик (-галах), which produced the homoform -ыа илик in the Yakut language: кэлиэ илик ‘it is not yet the time of his arrival’; барыа илик ‘it is not yet the time of his departure’. The Yakut form ending in -ааччы (ааччык) is compared here with the Tuvan, Tofalar and Khakas form ending in -чык, expressing a categorical and credible past tense in the latter languages.

Keywords

Yakut language, Siberian Turkic language, primary participle, secondary participle, Common Turkic form, Oghuz form, Kipchak form, Karluk-Uyghur form

References

1. Ubryatova E.I. Issledovaniya po sintaksisu yakutskogo yazyka. Ch. II. Slozhnoe predlozhenie [Studies on the Syntax of the Yakut Language. Pt. 2. Complex Sentence]. Novosibirsk, 1976. Book 2. 376 p.
2. Rassadin V.I. Morfologiya tofalarskogo yazyka v sravnitel’nom osveshchenii [Morphology of the Tofalar Language in the Comparative Aspect]. Moscow, 1978. 287 p.
3. Vinogradov V.V. (ed.). Yazyki narodov SSSR: v 5 t. T. 2. Tyurkskie yazyki [Languages of the Peoples of the USSR: In 5 Vols. Vol. 2. Turkic Languages]. Moscow, 1966. 531 p.
4. Radloff W. Die jakutische Sprache in ihrem Verhältnisse zu den Türksprachen. St. Petersburg, 1908. 87 p.
5. Yusupov F.Yu. Nelichnye formy glagola v dialektakh tatarskogo yazyka [Non-Finite Verb Forms in the Dialects of the Tatar Language]. Kazan, 1985. 320 p.
6. Korkina E.I. Nakloneniya glagola v yakutskom yazyke [Verb Moods in the Yakut Language]. Moscow, 1970. 307 p.
7. Ragimov M.Sh. Formy vyrazheniya nastoyashchego i budushchego vremeni v pis‘mennykh pamyatnikakh azerbaydzhanskogo yazyka 14–18 vv. [Forms of Expression of the Present and Future Tenses in the Written Monuments of the Azerbaijani Language of the 14th – 18th Centuries]. Yazykovedcheskiy sbornik: trudy Instituta literatury i yazyka im. Nizami AN Azerbaydzhanskoy SSR [Linguistic Collection: Works of the Nizami Institute of Literature and Language of the Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan SSR]. Baku, 1957. Vol. 10, pp. 228–235.
8. Ragimov M.Sh. Istoriya formirovaniya nakloneniy glagola v azerbaydzhanskom yazyke [The History of the Formation of Verb Moods in the Azerbaijani Language: Diss. Abs.]. Baku, 1966. 99 p.
9. Betlingk O.N. O yazyke yakutov [On the Language of the Yakuts]. Novosibirsk, 1990. 646 p.
10. Khitrov D.V. Kratkaya grammatika yakutskogo yazyka [A Concise Grammar of the Yakut Language]. Moscow, 1858. 137 p.
11. Ubryatova E.I. Istoricheskaya grammatika yakutskogo yazyka [Historical Grammar of the Yakut Language]. Yakutsk, 1985. 61 p.
12. Shakhnazarova M.D. Sintaksis prichastiya v uzbekskom yazyke [Syntax of the Participle in the Uzbek Language: Diss. Abs.]. Tashkent, 1971. 51 p.
13. Dyrenkova N.P. Grammatika khakasskogo yazyka. Fonetika i morfologiya [Grammar of the Khakass Language. Phonetics and Morphology]. Abakan, 1948. 124 p.
14. Sat Sh.Ch. Prichastiya v tuvinskom yazyke [Participles in the Tuva Language]. Uchenye zapiski Tuvinskogo nauchno-issledovatel’skogo instituta yazyka, literatury i istorii [Proceedings of Tuva Research Institute of Language, Literature and History]. Kyzyl, 1959. Iss. 7, pp. 76–84.
15. Mongush D.A. O vremennykh formakh v tuvinskom yazyke [On Tense Forms in the Tuvan Language]. Uchenye zapiski Tuvinskogo nauchno-issledovatel’skogo Instituta yazyka, literatury i istorii [Proceedings of Tuva Research Institute of Language, Literature and History]. Kyzyl, 1959. Iss. 7, pp. 85–92.
16. Iskhakov F.G., Pal’mbakh A.A. Grammatika tuvinskogo yazyka. Fonetika i morfologiya [Grammar of the Tuvan Language. Phonetics and Morphology]. Moscow, 1961. 472 p.
17. Shirobokova N.N. O sootnoshenii sinteticheskikh i analiticheskikh form v tyurkskikh yazykakh Sibiri [On the Correlation Between Synthetic and Analytic Forms in Siberian Turkic Languages]. Yazyki i fol’klor korennykh narodov Sibiri, 2013, no. 2, pp. 82–86.
18. Shirobokova N.N. O smene klassifikatsionnogo tipa (na materiale tyurkskikh yazykov Sibiri) [On the Change of a Classificatory Type (Based on the Turkic Languages of South Siberia)]. Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, 2015, no. 4, pp. 242–250. DOI: 10.17223/18137083/53/26
19. Rassadin V.I. O sisteme prichastiy v mongol’skikh i tyurkskikh yazypkakh [On the System of Participles in Mongolian and Turkic Languages]. Vestnik Buryatskogo nauchnogo tsentra Sibirskogo otdeleniya Rossiyskoy akademii nauk, 2012, no. 1, pp. 161–176.
20. Poppe N.N. Grammatika pis’menno-mongol’skogo yazyka [Grammar of the Written Mongolian Language]. Moscow, 1937. 196 p.