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New Economic Policy, Authorities and the Intelligentsia. P. 5–13

Версия для печати

Section: History

UDC

94(47).081

DOI

10.17238/issn2227-6564.2019.3.5

Authors

Oleg V. Zolotarev
Syktyvkar State University named after Pitirim Sorokin; Oktyabr’skiy prosp. 55, Syktyvkar, 167001, Respublika Komi, Russian Federation;
e-mail: oleg-zolotarev@mail.ru

Abstract

This article deals with the relationship between the authorities and the intelligentsia in the New Economic Policy (NEP) period. The author analyses the forms and methods of as well as changes in the state policy towards the intelligentsia and reveals the reasons for these changes. Further, the motives behind the non-use of the military and enforcement measures against the intelligentsia are explained. In addition, the paper dwells on the main processes that took place within the Russian intelligentsia, its ideological and political views, social attitudes and behavioural patterns. It is shown that the 1920s marked a significant transformation in the views, opinions and attitudes of the intelligentsia towards the existing political institutions and practices. Most of the intelligentsia, despite their sympathy for anti-Bolshevism, aspired to cultural and creative activity in their work. Further, the paper turns to the essence, problems, role and importance of promoting workers to managerial positions (vydvizhenchestvo) in the creation and development of the new intelligentsia. The complicated relationship between the Bolshevik party, the old and the new intelligentsia is analysed. The opinion that the authorities in the 1920s adopted an arrogant attitude towards the old intelligentsia is substantiated. The factors that influenced the intelligentsia’s view of Soviet authorities are also identified. In this regard, the paper highlights the improved material standard of living of the intelligentsia in the 1920s. The split, crisis and self-identification problems of the Russian intelligentsia in the NEP period are emphasized. Moreover, it is stated that by the end of the 1920s the intellectuals, in the face of a certain split on the social and financial basis, had grown to think that Bolshevism was inevitable and that they had to cooperate with the regime.

Keywords

the intelligentsia, New Economic Policy, authorities and the intelligentsia, state policy, vydvizhenchestvo
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References

1. Zolotarev O.V. Intelligentsiya: sovetskie gody [The Intelligentsia: Soviet Period]. Intelligentsiya i mir, 2012, no. 4, pp. 44–56.
2. Sokolova F.Kh. Vlast’ i intelligentsiya Evropeyskogo Severa Rossii v gody novoy ekonomicheskoy politiki [Authorities and Intelligentsia of the Russia’s European North at the Time of New Economic Policy]. Izvestiya Rossiyskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. A.I. Gertsena. Ser.: Obshchestvennye i gumanitarnye nauki, 2004, no. 4, pp. 225–235.
3. Sokolova F.Kh. Intelligentsiya Evropeyskogo Severa Rossii: formirovanie, dinamika vzaimootnosheniy s vlast’yu (1917–1930-e gody) [The Intelligentsia of the European North of Russia: Formation and Dynamics of Relationship with the Authorities (1917–1930s): Diss.]. Arkhangelsk, 2005. 626 p.
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