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Utopia, Nationalism and Internationalism as a Basis for Radical Mass Forms of Social Protest. P. 35–43

Версия для печати

Section: History

UDC

930

Authors

Shults Eduard Eduardovich
Faculty of International Relations, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia)
e-mail: nuap1@yandex.ru

Abstract

This paper analyzes the causes of radical mass forms of social protest, which primarily include such social phenomena as civil war and revolution. The following causes belonging to the sphere of mass psychology are addressed: utopia (creation of a better society), nationalism (struggle for national independence, self-determination, cultural and historical identity), internationalism (turning to foreign models, desire for common values and processes). Over the past century, researchers had often named the “economic bloc” and the demographic factor, as well as their various modifications, among the causes of these forms of social protest. The analysis of all the radical mass social protests from the 17th to the 21st century shows that economic and demographic factors can play an important role but usually act as concomitant factors, additional but not decisive ones. In most of the various manifestations of radical mass social protest over the past four centuries, their origins and causes had little to do with either economy or demography. Only the priority of ideology (psychology) provides an understanding of why protesting people are ready to suffer material losses, declining living standards and even stand the risk of physical injury or death in order to defend their rights and views. This also accounts for the examples of such phenomena that can hardly (or never) be explained by economic or demographic factors.

Keywords

utopia, nationalism, internationalism, social protest, radical mass forms of social protest
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