UDC

81’373.422

Authors

Ol’ga G. Tverdokhleb
Orenburg State Pedagogical University; ul. Sovetskaya 19, Orenburg, 460844, Russian Federation;
e-mail: ogtwrd@gmail.com

Abstract

This article presents an analysis of the functioning of antonyms combined for the maximally concise and vivid expression of opposite features in aphorisms-definitions and paradoxical definitions created using the basic, traditional (but of the contaminated type) dictionary methods for interpreting words. The following was revealed: 1) in the hypernymic method of interpretation, usually contaminated with the descriptive, enumerative, and enumerative and/or negative methods, antonyms are included in the explanatory part of the interpretation and are introduced into the text of the definition in syntactically different ways: as part of a complex word combination or participial phrase, in a row of homogeneous parts, and as part of the subordinate parts of a compound sentence or a multicomponent complex sentence with the combination of homogeneous and consecutive collateral subordination; 2) in the enumerative-descriptive method, contrary antonyms are usually used; 3) in the descriptive method, we can see complex cases of contamination with all traditionally distinguished types of interpretation; 4) in the synonymic method, which is very rarely used, the interpretation is done with the help of nonce synonyms; 5) in the negative method, negation is introduced into the text of aphorisms lexically and morphologically using the lexeme “negation”, particle/prefix ne (not) or the prepositions/prefixes bez (without) and vmesto (instead). It was found that in aphorisms having the interpretations under study antonyms with the same root or different roots can syntactically: a) join different or the same lexeme; b) stay within a complex (multinuclear) word combination or a row of homogeneous parts joined with the help of conjunctions or asyndetically; be part of a participial phrase or part of a complex sentence.

Keywords

antonym, aphorism-definition, aphoristic paradoxical definition, dictionary definition

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