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The Evolution of the Russian National Policy in the Late 20th and Early 21st Century. P. 54–67

Версия для печати

Section: History

UDC

94(470+571)«19/20»(045)

Authors

Flera Kh. Sokolova
Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov
prosp. Novgorodskiy 8, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russian Federation;
e-mail: f.sokolova@narfu.ru

Abstract

The author of this paper performed a comprehensive analysis of documents on the development and implementation of the Russian state policy on ethnic relations to study its dynamics and effectiveness. The paper proves that, depending on the political and socioeconomic situation in Russia and the world, as well as the vision of the country’s leaders of its models of development and interethnic relations, Russia’s national policy has evolved over time and passed through two stages: the years 1990– 2011 and 2012–2015. During the first period, which coincided with the parade of sovereignties and ethnic identity boom, the primary task was to alleviate tension through democratization of interethnic relations, division of powers between the centre and the regions, as well as extension of the rights of peoples to independent ethnocultural development. These strategic priorities were reflected in the 1996 National Policy Concept and its practical implementation. The above measures to some extent reduced the interethnic tension and prevented the collapse of the Russian state; however, they also resulted in ethnoterritorial fragmentation and isolation with elements of xenophobia. In 2012–2015, the policy supporting cultural diversity persisted, but the national policy priorities have shifted towards strengthening the unity of the multiethnic nation and state, based on the principles of democracy and national solidarity, which was stipulated in the 2012 National Policy Strategy of the Russian Federation.

Keywords

ethnos, ethnicity, ethnic group, native peoples of Russia, interethnic relations, Russia's national policy
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