UDC

37(091):[271.2:327](470)“20”

Authors

Elena Aleksandrovna Kalinina
Institute of Russian History, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia); Petrozavodsk State University

Abstract

Russian primary schools in rural areas had over a long period in history been run by parishes. The church and the state closely cooperated with each other in establishing rural parish schools, the lowest level in the system of public education, which during 1805–1825 were supported by the local clergy. They provided basic skills of reading, writing and arithmetic. In addition, the pupils were taught about the Scripture and morals. The education in rural parish schools had to be held in Russian by local priests in accordance with a unified curriculum. However, a number of problems arose, such as the language barrier between the Russian-speaking teachers and their pupils who could not speak Russian in the northern provinces. Non-Russian children spoke their native languages while they had to be taught to read and write in Russian. The lack of public funding, facilities and a developed education programme as well as other complex issues were addressed by the Ministry of Public Education and Ecclesiastical Department jointly. This article is based on both published and unpublished materials.

Keywords

development of public education, rural schools, interaction between the state and the church, history of education

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