UDC

327.7

Authors

Shaparov Aleksandr Evgenyevich
Institute of Social, Humanitarian and Political Sciences, Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov (Arkhangelsk, Russia)

Abstract

The Arctic is becoming a new area of NATO’s influence, an area where security is closely associated
with crucially important interests of its member states. This paper describes two scenarios of NATO’s
stepping up its activities in the Arctic: the positive and negative security scenarios. Negative security is
understood as identification by political actors of risks and threats to their own values and wellbeing.
Positive security is a multi-actor model involving non-violent measures to solve the arising conflicts while
emphasizing the importance of security and cooperation. The author used the neo-institutional approach
in his research. The paper conceptualizes possible scenarios of the interaction between NATO and
Russia.

Keywords

Russia and NATO, cooperation in the Arctic, militarization of the Arctic, positive security, negative security, geopolitical rivalry, security

References

1. Digges Ch. Norway and United States Drop Out of AMEC to Assume Observers’ Roles. Available at: http://www. bellona.ru/articles_ru/articles_2006/AmecNORUS (accessed 9 September 2013). 
2. Offshore Oil Extraction in the Russian Arctic Will Increase Fivefold by 2030. RBK, 2 August 2012. Available at: http://top.rbc.ru/economics/02/08/2012/662816.shtml (accessed 4 January 2014) (in Russian). 
3. Zaborskiy V.V. Kuda plyvet voenno-morskoy flot Rossii? [What Is the Russian Navy Heading for?]. Available at: http://nvo.ng.ru/armament/2004-07-16/6_flot.html (accessed 29 January 2013). 
4. Konyshev V.N., Sergunin A.A. Arktika v mezhdunarodnoy politike: sotrudnichestvo ili sopernichestvo? [The Arctic in the International Politics: Cooperation or Rivalry]. Moscow, 2011. 
5. Chinese Ships Provide Sovereignty Around the “Islands of Discord” at the Japanese Border. RBK, 11 September 2012. Available at: http://top.rbc.ru/politics/11/09/2012/668875.shtml (accessed 6 January 2014) (in Russian). 
6. Russian Foreign Ministry: NATO’s Reinforcement at the Russian Borders Imply Hostile Intentions. RBK, 9 June 2014. Available at: http://www.rbcdaily.ru/politics/562949991685736 (accessed 24 June 2014) (in Russian). 
7. Exercise Cold Response in Final Phase. BarentsObserver, 24 March 2014. Available at: http://barentsobserver. com/ru/bezopasnost/2014/03/ucheniya-cold-response-v-finalnoy-faze-24-03 (accessed 24 June 2014). 
8. Haftendorn H. NATO and the Arctic: Is the Atlantic Alliance a Cold War Relic in a Peaceful Region Now Faced with Non-Military Challenges? European Security, 2011, vol. 20, iss. 3, pp. 337–361. 
9. Hoogensen Gjørv G. Security by Any Other Name: Negative Security, Positive Security, and a Multi-Actor Security Approach. Review of International Studies, 2012, vol. 38, iss. 4, pp. 835–859. 
10. Ostrom E. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action (Political Economy of Institutions and Decisions). Cambridge, 1990. 280 p. 
11. Radyuhin V. Russian Navy Launches Massive Upgrade Drive. Available at: http://www.thehindu.com/news/ international/article3707950.ece (accessed 11 December 2013). 
12. Rozoff R. Norway: NATO Rehearses for War in the Arctic. Available at: http://www.voltairenet.org/article173833. html (accessed 23 November 2013). 
13. Strategic Concept for the Defence and Security of the Members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. Available at: http://www.nato.int/lisbon2010/strategic-concept-2010-eng.pdf (accessed 11 December 2013).